CDR Verification Framework Documentation
Docs: Pathway
Ocean Biomass Sinking (No Harvest)
VCL
1-2
Ocean biomass sinking uses macroalgae to remove CO₂ from surface ocean, which in turn enhances the ability of the surface ocean to drawdown atmospheric CO₂. The biomass is sunk into the deep ocean to achieve long-term carbon storage. Here, we specifically consider approaches that do not harvest the biomass before sinking it. This pathway is VCL 1-2, meaning that current quantification capacity may be able to establish net carbon removal occurred, but that very significant uncertainties remain.
Version history

Apr 01 2024
v1.2
Updated pathway to differentiate between dissolved-phase and solid-phase storage of biomass carbon in the deep ocean. This did not change the overall VCL.

Apr 10 2023
Updated pathway to include an additional drawdown component ('Outgassing'). Updated the VCL to exclude the durability component ('Deepwater recirculation') as the uncertainty is covered by the 'Outgassing' component. This did not change the overall VCL. Further details on this update are available in this blog post.

Sep 19 2022
First release.
Acknowledgments
This framework has been shaped by input and feedback from external experts, including CDR companies, scientists, and other CDR ecosystem actors. Any remaining mistakes or mischaracterizations are the authors’ sole responsibility.
Scientific Expert
v1.0
David Ho (University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa)
Ecosystem Actor
v1.0
Jamie Collins (Environmental Defense Fund)
Scientific Expert
v1.0
Matt Long (NCAR)
CDR Company
v1.0
Running Tide
Scientific Expert
v1.0
Sophie Gill (University of Oxford)
Ocean Biomass Sinking (No Harvest)
VCL
1-2
Ocean biomass sinking uses macroalgae to remove CO₂ from surface ocean, which in turn enhances the ability of the surface ocean to drawdown atmospheric CO₂. The biomass is sunk into the deep ocean to achieve long-term carbon storage. Here, we specifically consider approaches that do not harvest the biomass before sinking it. This pathway is VCL 1-2, meaning that current quantification capacity may be able to establish net carbon removal occurred, but that very significant uncertainties remain.
Version history

Apr 01 2024
Updated pathway to differentiate between dissolved-phase and solid-phase storage of biomass carbon in the deep ocean. This did not change the overall VCL.

Apr 10 2023
Updated pathway to include an additional drawdown component ('Outgassing'). Updated the VCL to exclude the durability component ('Deepwater recirculation') as the uncertainty is covered by the 'Outgassing' component. This did not change the overall VCL. Further details on this update are available in this blog post.

Sep 19 2022
First release.
Acknowledgments
This framework has been shaped by input and feedback from external experts, including CDR companies, scientists, and other CDR ecosystem actors. Any remaining mistakes or mischaracterizations are the authors’ sole responsibility.
Scientific Expert
v1.0
David Ho (University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa)
Ecosystem Actor
v1.0
Jamie Collins (Environmental Defense Fund)
Scientific Expert
v1.0
Matt Long (NCAR)
CDR Company
v1.0
Running Tide
Scientific Expert
v1.0
Sophie Gill (University of Oxford)